Temperature-dependent thermoelectric properties of individual silver nanowires
D. Kojda1, R. Mitdank1, M. Handwerg1, A. Mogilatenko2, M. Albrecht3, Z. Wang4, J. Ruhhammer4, M. Kroener4, P. Woias4, and S.F. Fischer1
Published in:
Phys. Rev. B, vol. 91, no. 024302 (2015).
Abstract:
Individual highly pure single-crystalline silver nanowires (Ag NWs) were investigated with regard to the electrical conductivity σ, the thermal conductivity λ, and the Seebeck coefficient S as a function of the temperature T between 1.4 K and room temperature (RT). Transmission electron microscopy was performed subsequently to the thermoelectric characterization of the Ag NWs, so that their transport properties can be correlated with the structural data. The crystal structure, surface morphology and the rare occurrence of kinks and twinning were identified. The thermoelectric properties of the Ag NWs are discussed in comparison to the bulk: SAg,Pt(T) was measured with respect to platinum and is in agreement with the bulk, while σ(T) and λ(T) showed reduced values with respect to the bulk. The latter are both notably dominated by surface scattering caused by an increased surface-to-volume ratio. By lowering T , the electron mean free path strongly exceeds the NW's diameter of 150 nm so that the transition from diffusive transport to quasiballistic one-dimensional transport is observed. An important result of this work is that the Lorenz number L(T) turns out to be independent of surface scattering. Instead, the characteristic of L(T) is determined by the material's purity. Moreover, σ(T) and L(T) can be described by the bulk Debye temperature of silver. A detailed discussion of the temperature dependence of L(T) and the scattering mechanisms is given.
1 AG Neue Materialien, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
2 Ferdinand-Braun-Institut, Leibniz-Institut für Höchstfrequenztechnik, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Straße 4, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
3 Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung - IKZ, 12489 Berlin, Germany
4 Laboratory for Design of Microsystems, University of Freiburg - IMTEK, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
PACS number(s):
65.80.-g, 72.15.Jf, 73.63.-b, 81.07.Gf
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